Thursday, 6 February 2025

Donald Trump: Hands of Gaza


President Donald Trump the intelectually disabled monster welcomed  the butcher of Gaza Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu to the White House on Tuesday, and unveiled his newest, most extreme imperialist vision.  by floating the idea that the United States should take ownership of the Gaza Strip and permanently displace all Palestinians living there. 
If we had any doubt that the return of this unhinged megalomaniac would upend the old world order, this is the start. After everything Gaza has suffered, this is shocking, frightening and truly evil. 
After describing the Gaza Strip as a hellish environment, Trump shamefully told reporters that he wants to expel “all” Palestinians from Gaza — not just during a period of reconstruction following the Israel–Hamas war, but permanently. Trump suggested that current residents of Gaza can instead “occupy all of a beautiful area with homes and safety, and they can live out their lives in peace and harmony, instead of having to go back and do it again.” 
In recent days, Trump had proposed plans to temporarily relocate Palestinians living in Gaza to neighboring countries of Egypt and Jordan, which were rejected by those nation’s leaders.  
Along with the cleansing of Gaza’s Palestinian population, Trump ended  by saying that "  “The U.S. will take over the Gaza Strip, and we will do a job with it too.” .
 “We’ll own it … get rid of the destroyed buildings, level it out, create an economic development that will supply unlimited numbers of jobs and housing for the people of the area … do something different, just can’t go back, if you go back, it’s gonna end up the same way it has for 100 years.” he said to audible gasps during the press conference, offering few details on how the United States could remove more than two million Palestinians or control the war-battered territory. and without saying a word for the 60 thousand Gazans who have been  murdered.so far.
As soon as Trump took office, Palestinian experts and advocates warned that he would accelerate and maintain even stronger support for Israel’s annexation of Palestinian land and continued ethnic cleansing, especially as Trump began to cast his eye on the rebuilding of Gaza. 
Members of Netanyahu’s far-right cabinet have long expressed desire for Israelis to reoccupy Gaza and to build new settlements there. Trump has previously described Gaza as a potential development site, touting its weather and seaside location. 
But since Netanyahu arrived in Washington, D.C., over the weekend, Trump began to express more clearly his plans in more certain and permanent terms. During the  most shameful press conference in history Trump added that Palestinians “should not go through a process of rebuilding” and suggested that Gaza’s residents “should go to other countries of interest with humanitarian hearts … and build various domains that would be occupied by the 1.8 million Palestinians living in Gaza, ending the death destruction and frankly bad luck.” 
Trump did not clarify the specifics of such a plan but said Palestinians could live in “numerous sites” or “one large site,” and that he expected it to be funded by neighboring countries. He claimed he had spoken to other leaders of Middle East countries who “loved the idea.” Trump also said he was open to the idea of using U.S. troops to carry out the plan.  
Asked whether Palestinians who leave Gaza would have an opportunity to return after reconstruction is complete, Trump asked: “Why would they want to return? The place has been hell.”   while sat next to the grinning psychopath  that  made it hell in the first place. 
When asked whether his suggestion for Gaza meant he opposed a two-state solution between Palestine and Israel, Trump avoided the question and doubled down on his plan for displacement, calling Gaza a “hellhole,” even before Israel’s recent genocidal war began after October 7, 2023. While both Trump and Netanyahu expressed desire to push for normalization between Israel and Saudi Arabia, Saudi leaders have long made it clear that such a relationship would not exist without a viable pathway toward Palestinian statehood.  
 “By doing what I’m recommending we do, and it’s a very strong recommendation, by doing that, we think we’re going to bring perhaps great peace long beyond this area,” 
Trump said. He claimed the plan is not meant to benefit only Israel, but all people in the region, including Arabs.  “You have to learn from history,” Trump said. “You can’t keep doing the same mistake over and over again.”
I have to say that apart from thinking that Trumps words were  the most preposterous and audacious  I've heard  for  ages. it truly made me feel sick to hear it! No suggestions of help for Palestinians, just opportunities in Trump's eyes!The deportation or forcible transfer of a civilian population in whole or part is a war crime under international humanitarian law, and when committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack against civilians, it amounts to a crime against humanity..
To see an American president endorse what would be the forcible expulsion of Palestinians from their home, in an exodus that would subvert decades of US policy, international law and basic humanity, was breathtaking.  
Trump ran on a ticket of stopping all the wars Biden engaged in. Just weeks into his term of office,he  throws his 'peace' mask to one side to reveal the ugly colonialist Western underbelly. He is not only giving a mandate to Israel to continue its war on Gaza, but he is owning it too. Trump is now complicit in the ethnic cleansing of Gaza and the genocide of its people led by Israel.
OK Trump blurts out crazy shit.all the time ,but then once it's blurted out it has to be carried out because he can't be seen as someone who just talks. And you can't forget that during the campaign his son-in-law said the exact same thing. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2024/mar/19/jared-kushner-gaza-waterfront-property-israel-negev ,
Trump doesn't think of many things by himself and Jared is maybe even more corrupt than Donald, at least he's more intelligent. And someone said not that long ago, when a wanna-be dictator tells you what he's going to do, you should believe him.
However Trumps s remarks that the U.S. should “own” Gaza and turn it from a “demolition site” into the “Riviera of the Middle East,”and transform it into a “holiday hub” without Palestinians sparked immediate blowback from Palestinian officials, their regional allies around the Middle East and key European capitals and thousands of people taken to social media to slam him.
Arnnalena Baerbock, Germany’s foreign minister, said that the proposal to move the Palestinians out was “unacceptable” and against international law; in France, a government spokesperson said Paris is “fully opposed to the displacement of populations” and called Trump’s proposal “dangerous” for regional stability; and even my  own Prime Minister genocide supporting  Keir Starmer said Palestinians “must be allowed home” to rebuild.
 "our people, for which we have struggled for decades and made great sacrifices to achieve, to be infringed upon,” said Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas, in a statement.
This wasn't  some gag about annexing Greenland. Trump proposes nothing less than ethnic cleansing on a colossal scale. Gazans won’t just be driven from their homeland. It will cease to be their homeland and become an appendage of the United States. Donald Trump has once again proven that he is not just a megalomaniac but a soulless, morally bankrupt monster.  
His latest grand scheme? To wipe Gaza clean of Palestinians and hand it over to his billionaire cronies to build a grotesque, blood-soaked “Riviera of the Middle East.” is as sick as it is, is nothing new—it’s exactly what Netanyahu has been plotting from the beginning. Trump, with his usual arrogance, is simply saying the quiet part out loud. The strategy is as brutal as it is transparent: turn Gaza into an unlivable wasteland, obliterate homes, hospitals, and schools, starve the population into submission, and then offer them “resettlement” in the deserts of Egypt or Jordan. 
Today he nnounces that the Gaza Strip would be handed over to the US by Israel at the end of the fighting and that “no soldiers by the US would be needed.”  In a statement on the social media platform Truth Social, Trump stated that at the end of the fighting, “Palestinians, people like Chuck Schumer, would have already been resettled in far safer and more beautiful communities, with new and modern homes, in the region.
He also claimed that the Palestinians would have “a chance to be happy, safe, and free” due to the relocation scheme he proposed, which envisions Palestinians to be displaced to Egypt and Jordan. 
 “The U.S., working with great development teams from all over the World, would slowly and carefully begin the construction of what would become one of the greatest and most spectacular developments of its kind on Earth,” Trump said. Expressing that no US soldiers would be needed for these efforts, Trump claimed that these actions would bring stability to the region.
The US has provided Israel with its weapons of destruction and Netanyahu with diplomatic cover for genocide. Trump is now contemplating sending US troops, alongside his real-estate agents, to take control of Palestinian land. 
In Trump’s diseased mind, forced displacement isn’t a war crime,it’s just another business deal. And what happens to Gaza once the Palestinians are gone? Trump’s real estate friends, along with the Israeli government, will swoop in to build luxury resorts on land drenched in blood.They're not even trying to hide their agenda now. Morality is of no interest when there is a real-estate deal to be made.
Trumps  approach violates international law and disregards the rights of Palestinians to their homeland.  The Gaza Strip is an integral part of historic Palestine, and its residents have a deep-rooted connection to the land.  Forcibly relocating Palestinians not only undermines their inherent rights but also sets a dangerous precedent for addressing territorial disputes. Such actions will  inevitably lead to further instability in the region.
Think about it  all for a second. Trump, the man who couldn’t manage a casino without running it into the ground.now fancies himself the ruler of an occupied territory. The sheer lunacy of it would be laughable if it weren’t so dangerous. This is not a “peace plan.” This is not a “solution.” This is ethnic cleansing, plain and simple, dressed up in the usual empty rhetoric of American imperialism.
The Gaza Strip is currently in the midst of a six-week ceasefire, with Hamas releasing its hostages in exchange for Palestinian prisoners and foreign aid entering the enclave. It remains unclear whether fighting will resume after the brief truce and the call to action issued by Trump (and backed by Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu) will complicate negotiations.
While US President Donald Trump sets out his warped  vision to take over Gaza after 15 months of displacement, hundreds of thousands of Palestinians have already made their long-awaited return to their homes in northern Gaza. Despite  finding  their homes and surroundings reduced to rubble. Water and sewage networks not  functioning, leaving even those homes that are still standing without running water.t they insisted on making the long trek on foot, many of them vowing never to leave again.
Residents arriving in the north told Mondoweiss have  said they were fully aware that barely any structure remained intact in northern Gaza and expected to enter into a new chapter of suffering. They also said that they would not trade what remained of their homes for anything Trump had to offer. 
 “The clear goal of this war is to make as many Palestinians as possible in Gaza homeless, because this destruction is deliberate and planned,” Alaa Subaih, a resident of the Shuja’iyya neighborhood in eastern Gaza City, told Mondoweiss.https://mondoweiss.net/2025/02/palestinians-reject-trumps-vision-for-gaza-if-they-offered-me-an-entire-city-instead-of-the-rubble-of-my-home-i-would-not-accept-it/?fbclid=IwY2xjawIRqllleHRuA2FlbQIxMQABHeGa46p_9jyXrCSboHvM-d_DSFepyCWOwK0zci1sKPE1qHWKnbXcKoO_DA_aem_P9dGnQ9uXHTysJDQ7iTdpAThe aim is to make us suffer from lack of shelter so that we leave our country and move.”  
In direct response to Trump’s statements, Subaih said, “Even if this land is hell, it is my land. I do not want to live elsewhere. I returned to revive and rebuild it.”  “If the American president wants to help Israel, the best solution for him is to take all the Israelis to his country, America, not to transfer the owners of the land. We are attached to our land and will not go to any other country. Our country, Palestine, is the most beautiful country on earth,” Subaih added.
Though some experts speculated that Trump's proposal might be a negotiating tactic, Palestinians across the region saw in it an effort to erase them completely from their homeland, a continuation of the expulsion and displacement of hundreds of thousands of Palestinians from their homes in what is now Israel during the 1948 war surrounding its creation.  
That event is known among Palestinians as the “Nakba,” Arabic for the “Catastrophe.” Trump's statement , a wild swing away from years of U.S. policy,— meshed with calls from far-right politicians in Israel to push Palestinians out of Gaza, particularly into Egypt
The Israeli rights group B’tselem said Trump’s statement “constitutes a call for ethnic cleansing through uprooting and forcibly transferring some 2 million people. This is Trump and Netanyahu’s roadmap for a second Nakba of Palestinians in the Gaza Strip.” 
Palestinian refugees have long demanded they be allowed to return to homes in what is now Israel, citing the right to return widely recognized for refugees under international law. Israel argues that right does not apply to the Palestinians and says a mass return would end the Jewish majority in the country.  Throughout the 15-month war in Gaza, many Palestinians expressed fear that Israel’s goal was to drive the population into neighboring Egypt. The government denied that aim, though some hard-right members of the coalition called for encouraging Palestinians to leave Gaza and for restoring Jewish settlements there. The Israeli-occupied West Bank, home to more than 500,000 settlers has also seen more than a year of escalated violence. 
The rejection of Trump’s call was echoed by Palestinians in the West Bank and in surrounding Arab countries like Jordan and Lebanon that are also home to large refugee populations.  “If he wants to displace the population of Gaza,” Mohammed al-Amiri, a resident in the West Bank city of Ramallah, said of Trump, “then he should return them to their original homeland from which they were displaced in 1948, inside Israel, in the depopulated villages.” 
To be loud and clear. Gaza is not for sale. and will forever belong to the Palestinians. It is essential to recognize and uphold the rights of Palestinians to live in their ancestral lands and to seek solutions that respect their sovereignty and human rights.
The world must wake up. If this crime is allowed to happen, history will never forget the complicity of those who stood by in silence. Every nation, every person with a conscience, must rise up against this plan. Boycott Israel. Cut off all diplomatic ties. Take to the streets. Flood social media. Make it clear that this genocide will not happen under the world’s watch. 
Trump and Netanyahu are gambling that the world will do nothing. Fuck right off. Neither have  the legal or moral authority to dictate to Palestinians, they will never be defeated by land grabbing fascists. From the River to the Sea, Palestine will be free.


Displaced Gazans walk to Gaza City on January 27, when Israel reopened access to the territory’s north.

Tuesday, 4 February 2025

A Singular Voice

 

Art: Georges Braque

We've all got a voice, we've all got a name 
Don't ever let the fuckers tell you you're the same,
Hold on to what you believe to be true 
Whether feeling very high or rather blue, 
Don't get dictated by one particular party line 
Fall in love with who you want to and feel  fine, 
The pendulam of the mind will always oscillate 
Glimmering on pathways that celebrate or hesitate,
Complex networks of interconnected pathways
Mine dances like lightning with intricate tapestries, 
Offers those that are passing a little hum of truth
Releasing a purpose, a pro palestinan voice, 
You will find me among an ocean of song
Conveying messages, that are gentle and strong, 
Following streams that turn into rivers
Dreams awakening, seeping from my soul,
Glowing and jostling under universal influence
On an ever rollin' wheel, thirsting for justice,  
Among forcefields of ongoing oppression 
Trying to resist the borders of depression, 
From foggy dawn to evenings gleam
Thoughts worth sharing, words running free,
As lanterns, luminous in the night sky
Cast their wondrous light to the eye
Despite sadness dripping on lifes pages
Hope never lost or simply mislayed, 
Remembering, beyond negativity and darkness
Positivity is deeply seeded in all of us,
In the deep firmament of now and forever 
Released from heart, and carved with resistance.

Saturday, 1 February 2025

A Complete Unknown film review

 

Spoiler alert, dont read if you not seen new film  about Bob Dylan, called A Complete Unknown,  directed by James Mangold, I went to  see earlier with a friend. It starred Timothée Chalamet in  the leading role,  really enjoyed it.
Well I happen to  be a huge  Dylan admirer, and know  a lot  about him, and  as a result I noticed many many  embelishments.The cry of “Judas” didn’t come from Newport but a gig in Manchester a year later; Johnny Cash wasn’t at Newport in 1965, he met him there the year before I  think. 
Edward Norton is really really good at capturing the saint like essence of Pete Seeger, but he is a remarkably fine actor, nevertheless am not entirely sure that Seeger and Dylan actually met Woody  Guthrie  at  the  same time  as portayed in  the film, and Dylans girlfriend at  the time was called Suze Rotolo  not Sylvie Russo, which I thought was a bit  disrespectful, perhaps I'm taking things to  seriously and literally, after all does it  matter as was just a  ictional dramatisation, and Dylan himself makes things up  all  the time,  especially at the time  the film was set.
Anyway Chalamet truly catches Dylans voice  and persona quite  well, and what was really magical is how the  film  managed to transcend  time,  starting  with a 19  year old  Dylan arrival  in Greenwich  village, New York in  1961, culminating in his controversial electric performance at the Newport Folk Festival in 1965 .
This isn't your typical boring biopic,It's more like stepping into a time machine and landing smack in the middle of 1960s Greenwich Village. The vibe, the music, the fashion - it's all there and it feels so real. 
Director James Mangold, known for his work on celebrated biopics such as 'Walk the Line,' about Johnny Cash  skillfully guides the narrative alongside co-writer Jay Cocks, utilizing the framework of Elijah Wald's acclaimed book, 'Dylan Goes Electric!' 
Wald's perspective offers depth, as it closely examines the cultural shift sparked by Dylan's electrifying performance, which famously divided audiences. Dylan’s transition from acoustic to electric music not only defined his career but also transformed the music industry.
The movie doesn't try to explain every little thing about Dylan, let's face it, can anyone really figure him out? And even though it focuses only on Bob Dylan's earlier career, the movie succeeds in showing how he shook up the folk scene and drove everyone around him crazy in the best way possible.
It also richly explored Dylans strained  relationship  with Joan Baez superbly played by Monica Barbarot. Theres also an  entirely made  up  fictional duet performance with Joan Baez in which Dylan gets so frustrated by his partner  that he throws a tantrum right in front of the audience, all but telling Baez to fuck off before storming off the stage mid-concert. 
All  in all a really good film, loved every minute of it, flowed really well thrilling and emotional at same time, beautifully shot, plus some wonderful acting and such great music. It also  reminded me  why I  love Dylan, he's  human after  all who  could be a bit  of a fucking  bastard  and an arsehole,  like all  of us. At end of the day he's  still one of the most important songwriters ever, so I for one can forgive him for  his transgressions. 
At times I thought that the movie struggled with its pacing at times and failed to convey some of Bob Dylan's motivations and self-reflection around certain major life events, but as a huge Dylan fan, I overlooked  this and managed to  not let this bother me, what it  does, it  does really well,  and I came away wanting more. So many iconic moments portrayed and an understanding of every character's reaction to who Dylan was, what he was doing to the music scene at the time and what it was doing to him. I  admit was close to  tears ar times, 
Though the film only focuses  on Bob Dylan's earlier career, the movie succeeds in showing how he shook up the folk scene and drove everyone around him crazy in the best way possible.
Incidentally when Timothée Chalamet got the role of Bob Dylan, he knew that the only way to honor a man who never plays a song the same way twice was to perform all the music live, with his own voice,  The talented actor  is said to have spent five years preparing for the role (it's amusing to think of him jamming away on the futuristic sets of the two Dune epics), and he ultimately performs 40 Bob Dylan songs for the movie. Chalamet said (via Variety): "It was important for me to sing and play live. Because if I can actually do it, why should there be an element of artifice here? And I’m proud that we took that leap.". 
Even if your not a Dylan  fan I  believe there's so much  you  could get  from it. People spoke highly about the film  as I left. Highly recommended, try  and  go see it at the cinema if you get the chance.I'm  already  looking  forward  to  seeing it  again. Walked home under a beautiful crescent moon  adorned by  a single star, a  wonderful  magical  evening. 


Thursday, 30 January 2025

Remembering Richard Gary Brautigan (January 30, 1935 – c. September 16, 1984)


Richard Gary Brautigan  American novelist,  short story  writer, poet, would have been ninety years old today had he lived.born on January 30 1935 in Tacoma, Washington where he was baptised  as  a catholic and where he would  spend most of his childhood and teenage years.
Brautigan's mother said that Richard was a religious boy and read the Bible every night before bed. Brautigan attended church in Eugene—Lutheran, Baptist, and Catholic. 
Richard Gary Brautigan grew up in the poverty of America’s Pacific Northwest during the Depression and World War II. His boyhood was without benefit of a father. An only  child , Brautigan's parents, Bernard Frederick Brautigan and Lulu Mary Kehoe, married 18 July 1927, separated in April 1934, filed for divorce in 1938, which was officially declared in 1940. Brautigan claimed meeting his biological father only twice. 
In Eugene, Brautigan attended middle and high school. Probably through English classes, he discovered the poetry of Emily Dickinson and William Carlos Williams. From Dickinson he drew the notion of the poet as eccentric outsider writing telegram-like messages from a parallel universe.
From Williams he learned to write in a contemporary vernacular about subjects that had immediate impact on readers. When he graduated from Eugene High School in 1953, Brautigan aspired to be a writer. 
Brautigan had few friends. Mostly, he was alienated: the poor kid, the tall kid, the quiet kid, the writer. He hunted with a .22 caliber rifle, and fished, which seemed his second passion. Foremost was writing, which Brautigan used as both self-definition and an escape from what must have been a soul-crushing childhood of poverty, insecurity, and hunger.
In Brautigan’s juvenile writings, one can read his efforts to develop a unique authorial voice, come to grips with a dysfunctional family, and stake out his constant themes of alienation, loneliness, loss, and death.  
Throughout childhood, Brautigan was known as Richard Porterfield. Just before his high school graduation, Mary Lu told Richard of his real father and he changed his surname to “Brautigan.”Given the adversity of his childhood, and looking ahead to his own life after high school, it is not unlikely that Brautigan wanted a new identity.
His first published poems appeared in local Oregon journals.Brautigan's first poem was this:  

The Light 

Into the sorrow of the night
Through the valley of dark despair 
Across the black sea of iniquity 
Where the wind is the cry of suffering 
There came a glorious saving light 
The light of eternal peace 
Jesus Christ, the King of Kings.

Brautigan became an atheist, then began to play with the Christian tradition, and wrote, "I saw Jesus coming out of a pay toilet." But in 1955, barely twenty years old, he wrote to a friend, "I believe that God is going to help me become a literary sensation by summer. God has made me know something about myself. I know that I am a genius with creative power beyond description. And I am very humble about it."  
He was arrested for disorderly behavior December 24th, 1955. Instead of  prison he was sent to Oregon State Hospital where he was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia and subjected twelve times to ECT, electroconvulsive shock therapy. Eventually, he moved to San Francisco in 1956 where he would mostly remain the rest of his life.
It  was here where he published his first volume of poetry and became involved with other writers of the emerging Beat movement, including the poets Robert Duncan, Michael McClure, and Lawrence Ferlinghetti.He was  actually  younger than the Beats and not thought by them to be serious enough; though he clearly loved hippie chicks, he stayed far away from drugs and the communal lifestyle of the Haight-Ashbury district he lived in during the Summer of Love,
His association with the socio-political group Diggers and Mad River exemplified a powerful personal connection to the youth culture of America, of which he seemed, at the time, the most representative, observing everything from the edges, and drinking with both Beat and more traditional poets at bars like No Name, Gino & Carlo’s, Vesuvio, and Enrico’s. 
He published 23 short pieces in the radical San Francisco Rolling Stone, launched in the city in 1967, before the Sixties were out. Cult figure for sure, Brautigan  happens to be one of my favourite writers, there are many,  but it's Brautigan I return to more often than not when  I want to smile, he also liked a drink or two or three,four and in his later work because of this it began to get dark.
The 1960s were his hey day and he was one of the most prominent to emerge from its counterculture. The Beatles loved him, not that that in itself means anything,were they not into most things. It comes as no surprise that John Lennon was a Brautigan fan.They both had a whimsical point of view that started in the square inch field and expanded into the cosmos. 
Brautigan recorded a spoken-word album for The Beatles' record label, Zapple, between 1968 and 1969. However, the album was not released until 1970 on Harvest Records as Listening to Richard Brautigan. I've got  a copu  it's truly wonderful. 
My first encounter with Brautigan’s writing was  Beatle-related: he wrote a very haunting intro to the mass-market paperback The Beatles Lyrics Illustrated called “The Silence of Flooded Houses.” 
Then I read his short story collection, The Revenge of the Lawn, and my lifelong love of his work began. I've since read and devoured nearly  everything he wrote,  
He showered readers of the 1960s and ’70s with inspiring spare, proletarian ideals in his novels. his works entwine pastoral American life and technological change with  works that are often surreal while combining satire,parody and black humour. 
In  the following poem he foreshadowed the vise-like, smothering grip that technology has over us today.

All Watched Over By Machines of Loving Grace

I like to think 
(and the sooner the better!) 
of a cybernetic meadow 
where mammals and computers 
live together in mutually programming harmony
like pure water touching clear sky. 

I like to think 
(right now, please!) 
of a cybernetic forest
filled with pines and electronics 
where deer stroll peacefully 
past computers
as if they were flowers
with spinning blossoms. 

I like to think 
(it has to be!) 
of a cybernetic ecology
where we are free of our labors 
and joined back to nature, 
returned to our mammal 
brothers and sisters,
and all watched over
by machines of loving grace.

All watched over by machines of loving Grace. Taken from the Adam Curtis series of the same name


There was something great in Brautigan. He claimed that drinking fueled it. But left alone, and without liquor, he was shy, a hard and precise worker who preferred his own company. A craftsman, he worried about commas, and was familiar with French and Japanese literature. He knew hundreds of important writers in Japan, America, and France, and could liven up parties with raucous wit.
Despite his prolificacy, critics reacted with diminished enthusiasm, put off by Brautigan's apparent preoccupation with sadness and death and his refusal to write further in his earlier, more humorous vein. Critics and readers trivialized his work, criticized its lack of political focus, and called Brautigan “naïve.”He often said he did not care about the critics, but losing his readers truly broke Brautigan's heart. 
While his American audience turned its back, Japan embraced Brautigan and his writing. Brautigan traveled there often, staying at Tokyo's Keio Plaza Hotel. In Japan, he felt revered, the sensai. His experiences in Japan inspired a collection of seventy-seven poems entitled June 30th, June 30th (1978), and at least half of the short chapters in his novel, The Tokyo-Montana Express (1980). 


This popularity abroad continues, with Brautigan’s writing translated into more than twenty languages. In America, his work is mostly out of print.
Underneath his humor was a swamp into which he was slowly sinking. He had never known his dad. His mother was a flibbertigibbet. She had had almost as many lovers as her son. She would store Richard with one ex-lover while going off with a new man, then retrieve her son after her passions cooled. Brautigan told his second wife, "I never thought I was loveable. I was abandoned by my mother."  
Brautigan's second wife was a Japanese woman named Akiko. The sped-up romance that brought them together didn't allow either one to know what they were getting into. Brautigan suffered from enormous outbreaks of herpes that blotched his private areas and crawled up his belly and chest for months at a time. His new wife had to get used to this. 
When Brautigan introduced Akiko to his friends in Livingston, Montana, she formally grasped each of twenty separate hands, and said, wearing a kimono, "How the fuck are you?" Brautigan tried not to laugh. He had taught her English. For her part, Akiko was a lot tougher than she looked. Friends of the family said she was smart. She left her first husband after getting together with Brautigan. 
Brautigan's friend Don Carpenter warned Richard, "If she'll leave him, she'll leave you." She did, first sleeping with two of his friends when he left her in Montana for several months shortly after the wedding. Brautigan went to Tokyo and wrote 59 stories but returned to find a broken marriage.
By his late forties, he was a has-been, as the Flower Generation gave way to the Me Generation. Sales of his work had dwindled. He battled deep depression, punctuated by alcoholism, and he had guns.
Sadly  Brautigan was found dead from a self-inflicted gun-shot wound in 1984, aged only 49, beside a bottle of alcohol and a .44 calibre gun. while living at 6 Terrace Avenue in Bolinas, California. He was discovered by a detective a month later with insects flying out of his splattered skull.
We all cast long shadows.Hauntingly his work still  magically shines for me.Richard Brautigan was a goddamn force. A spiritual, intellectual, cultural and poetic force, and thankfully we still have the books  he left us.
 A Confederate General from Big Sur (1964) according to Newton Smith, the novel is the story of a character in Big Sur who imagines himself to be a general in the Confederate army, told by a narrator working on a textual analysis of the punctuation of Ecclesiastes. (Smith 123)  
More specifically, Lee Mellon, the novel’s protagonist, believes he is the descendent of the only Confederate General to have come from Big Sur and is himself a seeker after truth in his own modern-day (1957) war against the status quo and the state of the Union. Brautigan’s friend an eccentric character called  Price Dunn was the model for the novel’s Lee Mellon.


Brautigan’s 1967 novel  Trout Fishing in America concerns a camping trip in Idaho’s Big Stanley Basin. The narrator clearly is Brautigan, who spent the summer of 1961 there with his first wife and daughter. It's  subversive commentary on American life. Trout fishing is not only a pastime enjoyed by the novel’s narrator. It is also a character within the book, the embodiment of a primal national promise that mainstream American society and culture have rejected. 
It features a scene in which a river is sold in a shop. It's funny and crazy, like the best of George Carlin, but is also poetic and can reach for a Proustian melancholy. It became  an underground hit, credited with bridging the beat poets with the west-coast counter-culture. 


In March 1994, a teenager named Peter Eastman Jr. from Carpinteria, California, legally changed his name to Trout Fishing in America, and now teaches English at Waseda University in Japan
The  book  launched a career that had, up to that point, been prolific but commercially unsuccessful. More novels followed, as well as collections of poetry and short stories.
His 1968 book  In Watermelon Sugarwas Brautigan’s third published novel is the story of a successful commune called DEATH whose inhabitants survive in passive unity while a group of rebels live violently and end up dying in a mass suicide.It brilliantly blended themes of solitude and nature with our human intrusiveness. Always joyous reading. Always Brautigan.


The Abortion:An Historucal Romance from  1971 follows a young man, the narrator, who works and lives in the library, a Brautigan world of lonely pleasure, where he meets a woman. After impregnating the woman, the narrator supports her abortion. In the process he learns how to reenter human society.  Inspiration for the Novel  The inspiration for the library is factual.


First published in 1974, The Hawkline Monster was Richard Brautigan’s fifth published novel, and the first to parody a literary genre. Subtitled “A Gothic Western,” the novel was well received by a wider audience than Brautigan’s earlier work.  As in earlier novels, Brautigan played with the idea that imagination has both good and bad ramifications, turning it into a monster with the power to turn objects and thoughts into whatever amused it.   


In his 1976 novel' Sombrero Fallout  the  opening sentences of the book hooked me straight away:  “A sombrero fell out of the sky and landed on the Main Street of town in front of the Mayor, his cousin and a person out of work. The day was scrubbed clean by the desert air. The sky was blue. It was the blue of human eyes, waiting for something to happen. There was no reason for a sombrero to fall out of the sky. No airplane or helicopter was passing overhead and it was not a religious holiday.” 
That paragraph is the start of a story being written by an American humourist. However, the man is in the middle of an emotional trauma as his Japanese girlfriend has left him after two years together. Falling apart and unable to cope, he tears up his work and throws it into the waste paper basket. He will go on to try to make it through the night alone and abandoned; and in a parallel storyline Yukiko, his ex-lover, will sleep and dream, calm and happy with only her cat for company. 
However, the story of the sombrero refuses to be abandoned, and while the writer and Yukiko are getting on with their lives, the tale of the town with the sombrero continues to develop in the waste bin. What seems a simple but inexplicable event – a sombrero which falls from the sky – causes all kinds of issues  amd  messes  with  his life. It’s a decent metaphor for our attempts to survive trauma.


Those already familiar with his work may not know of the posthumous release of An Unfortunate Woman in 2000, a dark autobiographical novel written in the eighteen months before his death. It reveals a man no longer at ease with his own head – but the book reads beautifully all the same.


The 60 odd stories contained within Revenge to the Lawn  I would say are his masterpieces, here's a few  of them , hope you enjoy. Contained within one of my favourite short stories, it's also one of the smallest in my library. Prose poetry of the highest order.

Women When They Put Their Clothes  on in the morning

It's really a very beautiful exchange of values when  women put their clothes on in the mornig and she is brand-new and you've never seen her put on her clothes before.
You've been lovers and you've slept together and there's nothing more you can do about that, so iy's time for her to put her clothes on.
Maybe you've already had breakfast and she's slipped her sweater on to cook a nice bare-assed breakfast for you, padding in sweet flesh around the kitchen, and you both discussed in length the poetry of Rilke which she knew a great deal about, surprising you.
But now it's time for her to put her clothes on because you've both had so much coffee that you can't drink any more and it's time for her to go home and it's time for her to go to work and you want to stay there alone because you've got some things to do around the house and you're going outside together for a nice walk and it's time for you  to go home and it's time for you  to go to work and she's got some things that she wants to do around the house.
Or ...maybe it's even love.
But anyway:It's time for her to put her clothes on and it's so beautiful when she does it. Her body slowly dissapears and comes out quite nicely all in clothes. There's a virginial quality to it. She's got her clothes on, and the beginning is over.

Banners of My Own Choosing

Drunk laid and drunk unlaid and drunk laid again, it makes no difference. I return to this story as one who has been away but one who was always destined to return and perhaps that's for the best.
I found no statues nor bouquets of flowers, no beloved to say: 'Now we will fly banners from the castle, and they will be of your own choosing,' and to hold my hand again, to take my hand in yours.
None of that stuff for me.
My typewriter is fast enough as if it were a horse that's just escaped from the ether, plunging through silence, and the words gallop in order while outside the sun is shining.
Perhaps the words remember me.
It is the fourth day of Marcg 1964. The birds are singing on the back porch, a bunch of them in an aviary, and I try to sing with them: Drunk laid and drunk unlaid and drunk laid again, I'm back in town.

Lint

I'm haunted a little this evening by feelings that have no vocabulary and events that shold be explained in dimensions of lint rather than words.
I've been examining  half-scraps  of my childhood. They are  pieces  of distant life that have no form or meaning. They are things that just happened like lint.


The Scarlatti Tilt

' It's very hard to live in a studio apartment in San Jose with a man who's learning to play the violin.' That's what she told the police when she handed them the empty revolver.

Ernest Hemingway's Typist

It sounds like religios music. A friend of mine just came back from New York where he had Ernest Hemingway's typist do some typing for him.
He's a successful writer, so he went and got the very best which happens to be the woman who did Ernest Hemingways typing. It's enough to take your breath away, to marble your lungs with silence.
Ernest Heminway' typist!
She's every writer's dream come true with the appearance of her hands which are like a harsichord and the perfect intensity of her gaze and all to be followed by the profound sound of her typing.
He paid her fifteen dollars an hour. That's more than a plumber oran electrician gets.
$120 a day! for a typist!
He said that she does eveything for you. You must hand her the copy and like a miracle you have attractive, correct spelling and punctuation that is so beautiful that it brings tears to your eyes and paragraphs that look like Greek temples and she even finished sentences for you.
She's Ernest Heminway's
She's Ernest Hemingway's typist.

All above selections from
Revenge of the Lawn, Jonathan Cape 1972.


I would also strongly recommend a book of memoirs by his daughter Ianthe Brautigan's ' You can't catch death'.  A fascinating glimpse into Richard Brautigans life and shedding light on some of his own personal ghosts. 


Brautigan, the man and his work, has never been forgotten, far from it. Scholarly work exists that examines Brautigan’s career, and there are volumes of it at the click of a mouse. I would recommend all his books their wonderful, and can make you wonder, giggle and laugh out loud. 
Though described as a ' outsider,' I don’t think  this description entirely fits Brautigan; he was a purposeful artist who sought an audience, and thoigh there’s something about his off-kilter view of the world that subtly alters your own, they are  so well  crafted and draw you in, and whenever I return  to his books, I'm never disappointed, and  they still  resonate to  this day, and this is one of the reasons he still has a following after all these years.Long live Richard Brautigan.

It's strange how the simple things in life go on while we become more difficult.' -  Richard Brautigan

' I'll  affect you slowly as if you were having a picnic in a dream. There will be no ants. It won’t rain
-Richard Brautigan

Reduce intellectual and emotional noise until you arrive at the silence of yourself and listen to it.' 
- Richard Brautigan

Richard Brautigan
(a 5 minute presentation)


Richard Brautigan reads from Trout Fishing in Watermelon Sugar



Monday, 27 January 2025

Holocaust Memorial Day 2025: For a Better Future


Today is Holocaust Memorial Day,  the 80th anniversary of the liberation by the soldiers of the Soviet Army. of over 7,000 prisoners at Auschwitz- Birkenau the largest Nazi death camp in occupied Poland. where ir  is estimated  1.1 million people,  mostly Jewish died there, including around  70,000 Poles, and 21,000 Roma and Sinti people.
Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe, around two-thirds of Europe's Jewish population. The murders were carried out primarily through mass shootings and poison gas in extermination camps, chiefly Auschwitz-Birkenau, Treblinka, Belzec, Sobibor, and Chełmno in occupied Poland. 
Separate Nazi persecutions killed a similar or larger number of non-Jewish civilians and prisoners of war (POWs); the term Holocaust is sometimes used to encompass also the persecution of these other groups.
We remember  today all the  people, murdered by the Nazis and their collaborators, all victims of Nazi persecution and we  also remember  the victims of subsequent genocides. 
The genocide of the Jewish people, Roma and other minorities during World War II is a brutal reminder of what can happen in a society overtaken by division, prejudice and hatred, and the fragility of our own humanity, security and safety.Today we remember the victims but also the lesson. Never again must mean never again.
The slogan Never Again symbolised the determination of anti-fascists and the labour movement that after the Holocaust, genocide must never happen again - that no one should be annihilated because of an accident of birth and who they are.
  
“For the dead and the living, we must bear witness.” 
 
These are the words of Elie Wiesel, a Romanian-born American writer, professor, political activist, Nobel laureate, and Holocaust survivor. He, along with 1.3 million other Jews, was held prisoner in the Auschwitz concentration camp during World War II, and he was also one of only 200,000 (approx) Jews who survived it.
Elie went on to write a number of books about his own personal story and that of the Holocaust (also known as 'the Shoah’ in Hebrew) in general, and his works — along with the likes of Primo Levi (author of If This Is A Man) and Anne Frank, whose diary is famous across the world — are some of the most defining stories of that era. They are books I would implore everyone to read, especially as a 2021 study found that over half of Britons did not know that six million Jewish people were murdered during the Holocaust, and less than a quarter thought that two million or fewer were killed.
And though it is easy to leave history in the past, events like The Holocaust must be remembered — they must be remembered out of respect for those who lost their lives, for those who overcame the most severe form of persecution and went on to become productive members of the communities in which they settled and for those who are yet to even step foot on this planet. We must, as Elie Wiesel says, “bear witness” to these events, and pass their stories and their lessons onto the next generation, so that we can avoid such horrors happening again.
There is no doubt in my mind that the Holocaust was the greatest crime of the 20th century because of the sheer scale of the premeditated and industrialized murder that  occurred.
As we contemplate the monumental nature of this moment, it’s instructive to consider the history of International Holocaust Remembrance Day itself. This annual commemoration was created by the UN in 2005, to take place annually on January 27: the day Aushwitz-Birkenau , was liberated. In its resolution establishing the day, the UN General Assembly made it clear that this observance would not merely be about commemorating the past; it pointedly urged member states “to develop educational programs that will inculcate future generations with the lessons of the Holocaust in order to help to prevent future acts of genocide.” 
The GA also made it explicit that this remembrance would not be limited to the European Jewry alone, but should also extend to “countless members of other minorities” who were murdered en masse by the Nazi regime.
From the time they assumed power in 1933, the Nazis used  persecution, propoganda, and legislation to deny human rights to so many. Using hate as their  foundation. By the end of the Holocaust more than a million inmates, primarily Jews, were brutally and systematically killed in the place where the Nazis introduced the monstrous concept of ‘industrialized murder.’ 
Among the other victims were non-Jewish Poles, political prisoners, Soviet prisoners of war, Sinti and Roma, homosexuals, Jehovah’s witnesses,Trade Unionists,. half a million mentally and physically disabled, to say nothing of the millions of prisoners of war, Poles, Russians alongside  others deemed  undesirable  who were exterminated by the nazis between 1939 and 1945.We honor their memory and must pledge to defeat antisemitism and all forms of hatred, never again allowing such horrors to occur.
Zionism however drew different conclusions from the Holocaust. As Professor Yehuda Elkana, a child survivor of Auschwitz and the Rector of the Central European University wrote in Ha’aretz, in 'The Need to Forget' in 1988:  a profound existential “Angst” fed by a particular interpretation of the lessons of the holocaust … that we are the eternal victim (arose). In this ancient belief… I see the tragic and paradoxical victory of Hitler. Two nations, metaphorically speaking, emerged from the ashes of Auschwitz: a minority who assert, “this must never happen again,” and a frightened and haunted majority who assert, “this must never happen to us again.” 
The Holocaust played an important part in the establishment of the State of Israel yet it was because of the Nakba, the expulsion of three-quarters of a million Palestinians from their homeland, that a Jewish State was formed. A series of massacres accompanied the Nakba which were aimed at ‘encouraging’ the flight of the Palestinian refugees. 
International Holocaust Remembrance Day 2025 is arriving just as Israel are literally being judged on the world stage for an ongoing genocide against the Palestinian people.The theme for the day is “For a Better Future”.  On this pivotal day in 1945, a gleam of light appeared in the darkest place on earth. And, in the years that followed, that light grew brighter as good people around the world worked to try to ensure that the horrors of Auschwitz were never repeated.   
The development of international human rights standards, most notably the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, was the product of that global effort.  
The Universal Declaration was for a better future. It recognised that “disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind”.   And it laid the foundations of a better world “in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want”. 
Today, human dignity and fundamental rights are under attack from many quarters. If we want a better future, we will once again have to work for it.  
Reflecting on the rise of anti-semitism, hatred and intolerance in our society 80 years after the tragedy of Holocaust, the theme For a Better Future builds on all the things we can do to protect vulnerable communities, come together, learn both from and about the past, and take actions to make sure it is never repeated.  
Extremist groups are taking advantage of tensions  at  this moment in time to incite Islamophobic hatred within the UK.  As a result, many communities across the country are experiencing heightened vulnerability, with increasing hostility and mistrust among different groups.
The theme reminds us that genocides never just happen. They begin slowly, with insidious stages such as propaganda, ‘othering’ and dehumanisation, where those who are targeted for persecution have their freedom restricted and removed before many of them are murdered. 
Genocide develops in stages that are predictable – but not inevitable. It’s up to us to learn how to identify the warning signs in the world around us and take preventive measures to stop it.  As well as learning about the Holocaust and more recent genocides and using reputable resources to do so, there are many more things we can all do to create a better future.  
We must speak up against Holocaust and genocide denial and distortion, actively challenge racism, hatred and prejudice wherever we find it and, when witnessing a hate crime, report it to the police and the relevant bodies.
On International Holocaust Memorial Day, we must  remember all those who lost their innocent and precious lives in the past.Remember, it didn’t start with gas chambers. It started with politicians dividing the people with ‘us vs. them.’ It started with intolerance and hate speech, and when people stopped caring, became desensitized, and turned a blind eye.
Holocaust Memorial Day is about remembering everyone who is the victim of Genocide: WW2, Cambodia, Rwanda, Bosnia, Darfur and Gaza etc.
This year’s HMD also marks the 30th anniversary of the genocide in Bosnia. The Bosnian genocide took place during the Bosnian War between 1992 and 1995.  In July 1995, the small town of Srebrenica saw the massacre of over 8,000 Bosniak (Bosnian Muslim) men and boys, along with the forced displacement of an additional 25,000 to 30,000 Bosniak civilians.
HMD is an opportunity to carry forward the legacy of everyone who lost their life to genocide by remembering our common humanity and challenging those who would distort or deny the past, or who discriminate and persecute today.
The Islamic Human Rights Commission (IHRC) has  actually called for the boycott of the 2025 Holocaust Memorial Day commemorations after a state-run charity that holds the event refused to include what is coming to pass against Palestinians in the besieged Gaza Strip in the list of genocides.  The London-based organization said in a letter https://www.ihrc.org.uk/letter-re-holocaust-memorial-day-to-councils-and-universities/ to 460 councils and universities across the United Kingdom that the HMD Trust’s move to disregard the Israeli regime’s atrocities in Gaza is in contravention of the charity’s mission, which “makes clear that genocide is not restricted to a particular period of history, geographical area or group of people.”  
Underlining that such consideration should remain at the forefront of any remembrance of the Holocaust, the IHRC said, “There is no hierarchy of genocides or suffering and the fact of remembrance is not limited by the background of either the victims or the perpetrators of any of the genocides. Every genocide is unique and all are morally abhorrent.”  
Expressing grave concern and great disappointment over the absence of the ongoing genocide in Gaza from the list of genocides mentioned by HMD, the London-based organization said the failure to include it in commemorations would undermine the aim of marking the Holocaust which is purportedly to help prevent further genocides and to put a stop to genocides when they occur.
When the US, UK, and EU said ‘never again’ after the Holocaust perpetrated by Nazi Germany, it did not include Palestinians or the people of the global south.
Today I  will remember all the victims of genocides. Not just in WW2. Every single genocide. And the most recent one is the ongoing genocide in Gaza perpetrated by the illegal state of Israel on Palestinians. 
The Zionists might want you to remember the 6 million Jews that died during the Holocaust but you have to remember too all  the other millions of  non Jews that died during the Holocaust,  those  that the Zionists always conveniently forget to mention. They deny other people of victimhood, just like they deny the genocide they are committing right now.
Never Again” was  always meant to  mean  never again for all regardless of skin colour, religion or ethnicity.We are all human. We all bleed the same colour, red. When we say 'Never Again', we have to mean it. “Never again” means we must never see the slaughter that we saw during the Holocaust again.  We do not cherry pick the victims. Every single murder and death should be remembered no matter the victims or perpetrators. Never again is for everyone. No more genocide. 
History begs us not to make the same mistakes. No human deserves death in the name of politics or power. May the lessons of the past help us build a future based on empathy and an unwavering commitment to peace.
As we remember the the Holocaust. that took place 80  years ago. Let’s focus on the current one taking place in Gaza where thousands and thousands of dead women and children are still trapped under the rubble. 
Israel is currently violating every international law put in place post WWII as well as the two ceasefires it has agreed to. Israel has massacred countless civilians in Palestine and is killing them in Lebanon too.  
Netanyahu' has been invited to the 80th Auschwitz anniversary ceremony, regardless that he has just perpetrated a holocaust in Gaza. Poland has vowed not to arrest him.  Shockingly, no Russian official has been invited to the commemoration, even though it was the Soviet Red Army that liberated the death camp.
This year, I will think in particular about the need for a lasting peace in the Middle East after more than 15 devastating months of conflict  that have seen so much human suffering. That lasting peace will only be built on a two-state solution - a safe and secure Israel and a safe, secure, free Palestine.
If Holocaust Memorial Day isn’t also a suitable day for highlighting and calling for an end to the abject inhumanity in Gaza and the West Bank caused by the wicked ‘Untermensch’ ideology of the Israeli state and its funders, then I don’t know what is.
And if Western politicians, media and elites silent about the genocide in Gaza, it will devalue the memory of both the Holocaust and the genocide amd will expose the West’s vicious, cruel, moral hypocrisy.

Sources

The number of victims. Auschwitz.org.

Sunday, 26 January 2025

In the Presence


Following poem  read out  earlier today at Midwinter Moot and  dinner at Glasshouse Cafe Welsh  wildlive  centre, Cilgerran, 

In the Presence

My current sober breath still spills
With pagan spirit and socialist faith,
As Imbolc, St Bridget day approaches
Our breaths cast needed energies.
Knowing attitudes can make a difference
Untethered, flowing deliriously,
Under holy sky, bucolic surroundings
Exhaling from within truths,
Soft and loud, in a darkening world
Finding energies to balance, heal,
Following old ways, in reverence
As brother Sun and Sister Moon play,
Grateful for the richness of diversity
The kindness delivered by human hearts,
Let mother earth sustain us all
Forgive us for our mistreatment,
With the energy of unity, flowing 
Allow forces of love to sustain,
May we all deliver care and respect
Release deep compassion to one another,
In sacred places where imagination dwells
Though hard at times, feel senses of wonder, 
With peaceful intention and understanding
Keep following free unwinding paths,
Beautiful daydreams, hunting expansions 
Whispering mysteries of sincerity, 
In the ravaging roar of thunderstorms 
In the hushed light of breaking dawns, 
Among shadows, flowers forever bloom
Illuminating the world with their light. 

Wednesday, 22 January 2025

Remembering the Battle of Rorke’s Drift


The Defence of Rorke’s Drift by Lady Elizabeth Butler.

In 1877, a time of colonisation and conquest Lord Carnarvon, the Secretary of State for the colonies, wanted to extend British imperial influence in South Africa by creating a federation of British colonies and Boer republics. To ensure their security, they realised that they needed to pacify Zululand, which bordered their territory for the Zulus were renowned for their martial ability.
For some  context settlers from Great Britain, the Netherlands, and elsewhere in Europe had been settling for centuries in fertile and geographically important southern Africa. After the carnage of the Thirty Years War in Europe (1618-1648), the land around Cape Town in southwest Africa was settled by the Boers, immigrants from the Netherlands, beginning in 1652. Under the auspices of the Dutch East India company, the settlers established a Boer colony in 1671. French Huguenots joined the colony in 1689. Over the decades, Boers traveled east to establish colonies across the southern tip of Africa. Holland fell to revolutionary France in 1795 and invaded its European neighbors. As part of the war with France, Britain attacked the Dutch Cape Colony 1795, 1803, and formally annexed it in 1814. As the United Kingdom kept annexing territories, tensions continued between the British, Boers, and black African neighbors for the next century.
To try and avoid conflict with the Zulu people, Carnarvon gave the King of the Zulus, Cetshwayo, the option to surrender and disband his armies to make way for British rule and federation. When confronted with this unfavourable deal, Cetshwayo understandably refused. Thus the Anglo-Zulu war began in January 1879, when the British General Lord Chelmsford invaded Zululand.  
The Army entered Zulu territory in three sections: the right column entered near the mouth of the Tugela river to secure the abandoned Missionary Station at Eshowe; the left column made for the formerly Dutch town of Utrecht and the middle column, led by Lord Chelmsford himself, crossed the Buffalo river at the outpost of Rorke’s Drift and tried to find the Zulu army. 
On 22 January 1879, Chelmsford established a temporary camp for his column near Isandlwana, but neglected to strengthen its defences, only encircling his wagons around it. After receiving intelligence reports that part of the Zulu army was nearby, he led part of his force out to find them. 
The lacklustre fortification proved a fatal error: over 12,000 Zulus, the core of Cetshwayo’s army, launched a surprise attack on Chelmsford’s poorly-fortified camp. Fighting in an over-extended line which was too far from their ammunition, the British were swamped by the sheer volume of their enemies forces, and the difference in numbers proved to be fatal; the majority of their 1,700 troops were killed and both their supplies and ammunition were seized. 
The Battle of Isandlwana  https://teifidancer-teifidancer.blogspot.com/2022/01/remembering-battle-of-isandlwana-of-1879.html was a major defeat and nothing short of a disaster for the redcoats, one which forced Chelmsford to retreat. Toward the end of the battle, about 4,000 warriors who had not engaged in the fighting moved to cut off the British retreat. 
Once complete, they crossed the river and turned their attention to Rorke’s Drift ,and its 140 soldiers, civilians, and patients.They were led by Dabulamanzi kapande, who was King Cetshwayo's half-brother and had commanded the Undi Corps at Isandlwana.


A depiction of Prince Dabulamanzi, from the Illustrated London News

Sited near the banks of the Buffelsrivier, approximately 100 miles north of present-day Durban, Rorke’s Drift was originally a trading post established by James Rorke who had been the son of an Irish soldier who had fought in one of the many border wars against the local African tribes.
James Rorke on the other hand made a living by trading, hunting and the occasional gun-running with the natives until his suicide. His estate changed hands until it came to a Swedish missionary, who in turn leased the compound to the British colonial forces to use as a hospital and storage space. 
The mission station was at this time occupied by Lt. Gonville Bromhead and his company, as well as 100 Natal Native Contingent troops, but Lieutenant John Chard  from the Royal Engineers had been dispatched from the main army before the battle of Isandlwana began with orders to make defensive preparations at Rorke’s Drift, and as the senior officer, he took command.  
In the film 'Zulu' it makes a point of suggesting that the 24th Regiment, and in particular 'B' Company, was mainly Welsh. In fact, the Welsh constituted only 11% of the 24th. Regt. at Rorke's Drift. Although the regiment was then based in Brecon in South Wales and called the 24th. Regiment of Foot (later to be the South Wales Borderers), it was formerly the Warwickshire Regiment. 
Many of the defenders had never been to Brecon. Of the 24th Regt. at the defence, 49 were English, 18 Monmouthshire,16 Irish, 1 Scottish, 14 Welsh, 3 were born overseas. and 21 of unknown nationality. 
As afternoon drew near, the wind carried the sounds of distant gunfire through the valleys to Rorke’s Drift. It was the distinct sound of the two 7-pounders that the British main body had carried with them. At first it caused little concern, for just a year earlier a small British force had triumphed over 6,000 Xhosa warriors, so this would surely go no differently. 
As the cannon fire subsided, a lone rider came galloping towards them. The man was terrified and without his weapon, only repeating a single sentence over and over again.
More riders soon arrived, this time men of the Native Mounted Contingent. None spoke English but they had a note that read that the camp at Isandlwana was in danger of being overrun, becausethat Zulu forces were approaching.. 
Lieutenant Chard, had to decide whether to flee or fight. Given that the position had become more hospital than outpost, it was simply impossible to leave, as the injured occupants would travel too slowly and the fast Zulu army would inevitably kill them on the road. The only option was to stay and fight. 
Rorke’s Drift was to be fortified at once. Under the guidance of Bromhead, Lieutenant John Chard and other officers, the men began barricading the missionary compound. Everything useful was dragged out of the storehouse, except for the kegs of rum and water. The reserve ammunition boxes were opened. They had 20,000 cartridges, enough to make a stand. They stockpiled food, mostly hardtack and bully beef, and stacked the heavy 200lb mealie bags and biscuit boxes into a defensive wall. 
Most of the compound was shielded by a waist high stone fence, which they now reinforced. Both buildings were solid brick houses, though, with the larger storehouse being about 30m from the hospital, which was small, divided into 11 rooms and crammed with men who were now making shooting holes in the walls, while all windows and doors were barricaded. The men knew that their enemy would be merciless and spare no one, not even the wounded. 
The last remaining biscuit boxes and mealie bags were used to create a barricade in front of the storehouse, a last keep in case of a breakthrough.As the evening drew nearer, the lookouts on the roof spotted the first Zulu warriors.There hadn’t been enough time to clear the fields around the station and there was plenty of cover for the enemy.  
Any man who diminished morale was locked up.This was a crucial decision: it is hard to imagine the panic and sense of despair that the men must have felt knowing that thousands of Zulus, who had just defeated a well-equipped army of far greater numbers, were on their way and they, mostly classed as ‘walking wounded’, had to defeat them while being heavily outnumbered, vulnerable and with no hope of reinforcement from the main army.  
At this point, the defenders numbered nearly 500 thanks to the assistance of native contingents of infantry and cavalry, The cavalry, numbering about 100 native troops who had retreated from the Battle of Isandlwana, took position on the far side of a large hill from where the Zulus were expected to approach. 
Understandably, fear of the approaching army spread through the camp. As battle approached, the Swedish missionary assigned to the station, Otto Witt, fled with his companions. The cavalry troops briefly engaged the Zulus for the second time that day but also turned and ran. 
The Zulus approaching Rorke’s Drift were of the 4,000 men strong Undi-Corps. During the battle at Isandlwana they had been part of the ‘Horns of the Buffalo’, the Zulu tactic to envelope their enemies. They had been tasked with widely outflanking the British but ultimately came too late to take part in the battle. The defeat of the British had been achieved without them and they had been denied glory.
The Zulu military organisation was divided by age and rank, and there was a deep rivalry between the regiments. Only those mature veteran regiments who had won glory in battle were awarded the rights to marry and to bear the sacred white shields into battle. 
The Zulu warriors were not suicidal fanatics, but cunning, courageous and highly athletic light infantry men, in their physical prime, around 30 years old, hungering for pride and social status. They very much wanted to prove themselves. Led by Prince Dabulamanzi kampande, they had made their way to Rorke’s Drift well-versed in the art of war and under orders to show no mercy. 
Skilled in using their traditional weapons One of their primary weapon was a light spear called an iklwa (or assegai), that could either be thrown or used in hand-to-hand combat. Many also used a club called an iwisa (or knockberrie). All warriors carried an oval shield made of oxhide.  
A few Zulus equipped themselves with firearms (muskets), but most preferred their traditional equipment. Others were equipped with powerful Martini-Henry rifles, taken from the dead British soldiers at Isandlwana, and although they were untrained in handling those effectively, even an unskilled rifleman could find his target.
When they appeared on the scene, the Native Mounted Contingent had turned and fled, which left 154 men as the defenders of Rorke’s Drift, 20 of whom were ill. 


At around 16:30, the battle began. The first Zulus attacked in a frenzy. Worked up by their witch doctors and narcotic stimulus, they charged towards the south wall of the mission, 600 warriors against only a few defenders. 
The British soldiers fired into the advancing men. A trained British soldier was able to load and fire the Martini-Henry Rifle every 7-8 seconds, so people managed around 8-9 shots each in the time it took the Zulus to close in. They sprinted from cover to cover, disregarding the men that fell. At 200m, the rifle fire caused massive damage, as the Zulu shields offered no protection against the high calibre bullets, and just before they reached the barricade, the British officers ordered a salvo at point blank range.
The devastating effect of the fusillade broke much of the attack strength. Still, single men and small groups fought on, trying to scale the walls. Pumped up on adrenaline, they jabbed with their Assegai spears against the defenders, but once they tried to climb the barricades, they were easy targets for the longer British bayonets. 
Once at the barricades, it was close quarter combat. The British officers dashed from point to point, revolvers in hand, inspiring the men to stand firm, shooting into the mass of attackers that pressed the defences. Where they could, the men worked together, one stabbing, the other reloading. The officers knew that the first battle they had to win was the psychological one; if the men faltered in fear, if they hesitated to kill or lost their heads in terror, all was lost. 
The Zulus could not be allowed to enter the compound. The men did not hesitate. Desperation met aggression, and they knew that they would either fight or die  At 17:00, the great mass of the Undi-Corps threw itself against the mission. The British held. 
Soon a belt of corpses lay around the mission, another obstacle the attackers had to step over. The Chaplains and the wounded passed ammunition and water to the defenders. It was evening, but still, the sun was beating down and the constant fighting was exhausting and dehydrating. It was adrenaline and camaraderie that kept the men sharp. And still the Zulus came on.  
By 17:30 the defenders were nearly overwhelmed. The lines were too thinly held and they now ran the risk of losing everything.The growing exhaustion and the casualties had made them retreat to the inner line and establish a centre of resistance around the storehouse, behind the walls of biscuit boxes and mealie bags. 
By 18:00, the Zulu commanders on the other side were getting frustrated. This was supposed to be an easy battle, but the casualties were high and there had been no major break in yet. They had been fighting for 90 minutes, but the British line still held firm, though the hospital had been cut off.
In the close confines of the hospital, the defenders found it possible to stab their assailants one by one as they struggled to break through the narrow doorways. Private Hook killed five or six in succession in this way. 
In the close fighting along the barricades, even the officers’ revolvers came into action to deadly effect. The revolver was so inaccurate at anything beyond point-blank range that it was normally considered only as a weapon of last resort, but in this sort of combat its rate of fire more than compensated for this disadvantage, so that even this weapon decisively outclassed the Zulu muskets.Several survivors, including Hitch, noted the good service performed by Lieutenant Bromhead’s revolver at a crucial point on the perimeter. 
As the hospital was overrun, Private Williams was instructed to defend the window through which the Zulus were trying to enter while the others limped away. The intense firefight set the hospital ablaze and forced the patients to break their way through the wall which would allow them to escape behind the barricade. 
After 15 minutes of hacking at the plaster wall, Private Hook made it through as the others continued to defend the hospital. 9 out of the 11 patients made it out. The escape from the hospital is famous for its demonstration of selfless bravery: the fit could have abandoned the invalid, but they left no man behind. Both Williams and Hook were awarded Victoria Crosses. 
Soon it was surrounded, and the Zulus were throwing burning spears on the thatch roof. It caught fire and the men inside had no choice but to flee. Everything played out in a few minutes. Men jumped out of the windows, some making a dash across the compound. Others tried to carry the wounded and sick with them, while others fought the Zulus who were now breaking through the doors. They were cut down by the Zulus. 
Darkness fell at 19:00. British ammunition was running low and rifles were running hot from constant use. Again, the Zulu tried to throw assegais wrapped with burning grass on the store-house roof but this time they were shot down in the attempt. 
Slowly but surely, the Zulu spirit was wavering. Throughout the night the aggressive chanting was heard around the compound, but the major weakness of the Zulus, their lack of a supply system, was getting to them. They were hungry, thirsty and exhausted.  
It was a sleepless night for the defenders, but as dawn broke, the Zulu were gone. The Zulu host may still appear, but they would no longer attack.After a while the British ventured out to the battlefield. They searched the remnants of the hospital for survivors, but it was a gruesome sight. The Zulu had hacked their comrades to pieces. 
The official report said that 350 Zulus were counted dead, but according to diaries, it was many hundreds more. At 8 o’clock in the morning, a relief company finally appeared, and Rorke’s Drift was saved. 
I first heard of battle of Rorke’s Drift  incidentally when I was  twelve, when I first saw the film Zulu, directed in 1964 by Cy Enfield,  arguably, one of the greatest British war films of all time.The film stars Stanley Baker as Lieutenant John Chard and a young Michael Caine as Lieutenant Gonville Bromhead.and  also featured the Welsh  actor. 
.It’s still one of my favorite movies, though am  not into  the florification of  war  in  any kind, but  back in the day it made a colossal impact, and I   even subsequently did  a history project on it while a school, though  nowadays acuially prefer the other  film made  about the  conflict Zulu Dawn,  which  has more historical  accuracy..
In the film Zulu we see  the heroic Welsh garrison at Rorke's Drift match the awesome Zulu war-chants with a stirring rendition of Men of Harlech.but I'm  sorry to say no one sang Men of Harlech,  just a  bit of  artistic licemse. ;, 
The Battle of Rorke’s Drift, a heroic defence of missionary station and hospital  has since  gone down in history as the ultimate example of the victorious underdog, where just over 150 British troops triumphed against an estimated 3,000 to 4,000 Zulu warriors. Rorke’s Drift was merely an outpost as opposed to a fortified position, and the defenders, and defences, were not fit to fight. Nonetheless, they prevailed against the battle-ready Zulu army.
A total of 11 Victoria Crosses would be awarded to the defenders for a victory against a force that had outnumbered them by far. The most ever awarded for a single action by one regiment. 
The ultimate recipients were as follows: 

Lieutenant John Rouse Merriott Chard 
Lieutenant Gonville Bromhead 
Corporal William Wilson Allen 
Private Frederick Hitch 
Private Alfred Henry Hook 
Private Robert Jones 
Private William Jones 
Private John Williams Surgeon
Major James Henry Reynolds 
Acting Assistant Commissary James Langley Dalton 
Corporal Christian Ferdinand SchiessJones 
Private John Williams Surgeon-
Major James Henry Reynolds Acting Assistant 
Commissary James Langley Dalton 
Corporal Christian Ferdinand Schiess


An image showing John Chard receiving his Victoria Cross.

Cetshwayo had no bronze crosses or silver medals with which to decorate his heroes. But he did have a means of showing his special approbation. The wood of the Umzimbete or uMyezane tree was specially reserved, on pain of death, for the Zulu king. From it, little dumbell-shaped beads were cut, which if strung together, formed an interlocking necklace. These beads were given to Zulu warriors who specially distinguished themselves in battle. A warrior wearing a necklace of these beads was regarded with no less respect than a British holder of the VC.
The battles of Isandlwana and Rorke’s Drift were the first two decisive battles of the Anglo-Zulu war. They set the tone for the rest of the war which would last until July 1879. The Zulu success at the Battle of Isandlwana showcased the strength of the Zulu nation and army as well as the overconfidence of the Imperial forces under Lord Chelmsford. But Zulu success was short-lived, their defeat at Rorke’s Drift the first of many. 
By March, reinforcements arrived to aid the Imperial army. Several battles and skirmishes ensued, the last being the Battle of Ulundi. The British forces defeated the Zulu army, ultimately ending the war and Zulu control over the region. 
King Cetshwayo was later hunted down and captured, the Zulu monarchy was suppressed and Zululand divided into autonomous areas. In 1887, it was declared a British territory, and became part of the British colony of Natal ten years later.
King Cetshwayo was taken to Cape Town where he was imprisoned, first in the Castle, and later under much less-rigorous conditions at Oude Molen, near present-day Pinelands.More than three years were to pass before his eventual return to Zululand. He sailed to England in September 1882 to meet Queen Victoria and on his return, was reinstated as King, but on terms set by the British Government. 
King Cetshwayo again settled at Ondini, but his homestead was attacked by Zibhebhu. He was injured and took refuge at Eshowe, where he died on 8 February 1884.   
His grave is in a clearing in the Nkandla Forest, and is tended by the Shezi clan. The area is considered to be sacred by the Zulu people. 


But  what is mainly forgotten,is that  as in any battle there are casualties not seen or felt until well after the engagement are  was over, in the case of Rorke’s Drift  many of the defenders suffered what we now know as PTSD,  post traumatic stress, following the battle  This was predominantly caused by the fierce close-combat fighting they had with the Zulus. 
Most of the rank and file recruits to the British Army were rough and ready lads from labouring or slum backgrounds who had limited options in life. Army life was disciplined and secure and, the occasional tangle with Zulus aside, more secure than the precarious environment and drudgery of civilian life for men of their station.  The psychological effects of a brutal battle for survival against huge odds on the men who fought in it can only be imagined. There was no recognition of or tolerance for what was later classified as “battle fatigue” and latterly labeled Post Traumatic Stress. What we do know is that many of the survivors died young. There was at least one confirmed suicide and several who “fell on hard times”.
Take Private Robert Jones, for instance,Wikipedia records that after leaving the army, Jones settled in Herefordshire’s Golden Valley where he became a farm labourer and married Elizabeth Hopkins with whom he had five children. In 1898 Jones died in Peterchurch from gunshot wounds to the head at the age of 41. He had borrowed his employer's shotgun to go crow-shooting. His death certificate records a verdict of suicide whilst being insane.
The coroner heard that he was plagued by recurring nightmares arising from his desperate hand-to-hand combat with Zulus.Despite the accolade of his Victoria Cross  the trauma he experienced blighted his life and most likely led to his early death. 
Due to the stigma of the time about suicide, when Jones was buried his coffin was reputedly taken over the wall instead of being carried through the church gates into the graveyard and his headstone faces away from the church, the only one in the churchyard to do so. 
His gravestone can still be found today in the graveyard at St Peter’s Church, Peterchurch in the Golden Valley; the inscription reflects the fact that his regiment was renamed ‘The South Wales Borderers’ some two years after their action at Rorke’s Drift.


Robert Jones’ Gravestone at Peterchurch